The Conflict in Sudan and Its Impact on the Gum Arabic Trade

A report published by the American Bloomberg Agency highlighted the Sudanese Rapid Support Forces' control over the production and distribution of gum arabic, a key ingredient in many global products such as soft drinks Coca-Cola and Pepsi.

Sudan is facing growing economic challenges due to the ongoing conflict since April 2023, which has directly affected key sectors, including the production and export of gum arabic, a strategic product essential to various global industries.

The Importance of Gum Arabic in Global Markets

Sudan is one of the world’s largest producers of gum arabic, supplying around 70% of global demand, particularly from the Darfur and Kordofan regions. This essential ingredient is widely used in industries such as soft drinks, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and confectionery, thanks to its unique properties that help stabilize sugar and other components in food products.

Impact of the Conflict on the Gum Arabic Trade

The ongoing conflict has disrupted supply chains, making it challenging for farmers and traders to transport gum arabic to export hubs like Port Sudan or neighboring countries such as Chad and Egypt. Economic reports indicate that while the flow of gum arabic has been partially affected, alternative trade routes have helped sustain exports.

Continued Exports Despite Challenges

Despite logistical difficulties, Sudan continues to export thousands of tons of gum arabic annually. In 2024, the European Union imported 70% of the total 72,000 metric tons of gum arabic, with increasing volumes arriving via Egypt and Chad, reflecting ongoing trade activity through different channels.

Broader Economic Implications

The gum arabic trade is a vital source of income for thousands of Sudanese families. As logistical challenges persist, this sector faces growing pressures, potentially impacting both local and international markets.

Future Prospects

As efforts to resolve Sudan’s crisis continue, the key question remains: How can the sustainability of the gum arabic trade be ensured while protecting the interests of Sudanese producers? Addressing this challenge requires practical solutions to support supply chains and maintain steady exports, benefiting both the local economy and global markets.